The four fundamental principles involved in the coagulation process that facilitate the aggregation of colloidal particles and fine suspended solids in water include:

What is Coagulation for Water Treatment?

1. Charge Neutralization:

2. Bridge Adsorption:

3. Enmeshment and Sweeping Action:

4. Compression of the Electric Double Layer:

These principles do not act independently; rather, they often work concurrently in actual coagulation processes, collectively contributing to flocculation and sedimentation reactions in water treatment, ultimately achieving the goal of solid-liquid separation.

Compression of the Electric Double Layer:

   As coagulant ions penetrate into the diffuse layer surrounding colloidal particles, they compress the electric double layer thickness, reducing the radius of influence of electrostatic repulsion. This makes it easier for particles to approach and collide, eventually aggregating.

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