Poly aluminium chloride (PAC) is a water treatment chemical with the chemical formula [Aln(OH)mCl3n-m]x, often appearing as a yellowish to dark brown resin-like solid. It is an inorganic polymer coagulant derived from the reaction of aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid or other aluminum salts.
PAC is characterized by its high molecular weight and strong bridge adsorption properties, which enable it to undergo hydrolysis processes upon contact with water, leading to the formation of aluminum hydroxide flocs. These flocs play a critical role in coagulation, adsorption, and sedimentation processes, effectively removing impurities such as suspended solids, colloids, and organic substances from both drinking water and industrial wastewater.
The compound has a density greater than 1.19 g/cm³, typically exhibits a pH range between 3.5 and 5, and possesses a basicity (alkalinity) level ranging from 60% to 85%. Poly aluminium chloride is soluble in water and can be further dissolved in inorganic acids. It exhibits hygroscopic properties and may undergo crystallization changes at elevated temperatures.
Due to its versatile performance across different water conditions and temperatures, PAC is widely used in various water treatment applications where it outperforms many other organic flocculants, especially in treating low-temperature, low-turbidity, and organically polluted raw waters. Moreover, it allows for a smaller dosage requirement, reduces treatment costs, and adapts well to automatic dosing systems. Its broad pH adaptability (5−9) makes it suitable for a wide array of treatment scenarios without significantly altering the treated water's pH and alkalinity.
Keywords: Water Treatment, PAC, Poly aluminum Chloride, poly aluminium chloride, Polyaluminum Chloride, PACL, Coagulant, Flocculant, Yellow PAC, Yellow polyaluminum chloride, White PAC, White polyaluminum chloride, PolyDADMAC, DADMAC, PDADMAC, Polydmdaac, polyelectrolyte
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