Polyaluminum chloride (PAC), Role as a Coagulant , a widely used coagulant in water treatment processes, plays a critical role in the purification and clarification of water due to its high efficiency in removing suspended solids, organic matter, and microorganisms. This inorganic polymer is synthesized through the reaction of aluminum hydroxide or aluminum chloride with alkalis, resulting in a compound that exhibits exceptional flocculation properties.

In the context of water treatment, PAC functions by neutralizing the negative charges on colloidal particles present in raw water sources. Its polymeric structure contains various Al species, typically in the form of Al(OH)₃ and AlCl₃ complexes, which when dissolved, ionize and create numerous positively charged sites. These sites attract negatively charged contaminants like clay, silt, bacteria, viruses, and natural organic matter (NOM), leading to the destabilization of these particles and their subsequent aggregation into larger flocs.

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