Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is typically obtained through a chemical synthesis process involving the reaction between aluminium hydroxide or aluminium oxide and hydrochloric acid. Here's a general outline of the production method:
1. Starting Materials: The primary starting materials are either aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or aluminium oxide (Al2O3).
2. Acidification: A calculated amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a suspension of aluminium hydroxide or aluminium oxide under controlled conditions. The acid reacts with the aluminium compound, producing aluminium chloride and water.
- For aluminium hydroxide: Al(OH)3 + 3HCl → AlCl3 + 3H2O
- For aluminium oxide: Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
3. Chlorination and Polymerization: Upon further reaction, the aluminium chloride undergoes a series of hydrolysis and polymerization reactions, forming polyaluminium chloride species. The extent of polymerization depends on the reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, and the ratio of reactants.
- AlCl3 + H2O ↔ Al(OH)3 + 3HCl
- Al3+ + nOH- → [Al(OH)n]m-
4. Adjustment of Properties: By controlling the reaction parameters, it's possible to produce PAC with different properties such as varying basicities, molecular weights, and charge densities. This is important because the properties of the PAC affect its performance in water treatment applications.
5. Processing and Drying: The resulting polyaluminium chloride solution may be further processed, such as by neutralization with a base to adjust the pH and halt further polymerization. The product can then be filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain the final PAC product, which may be sold as a liquid or solid form.
6. Quality Control: Throughout the process, quality control measures are taken to ensure that the final PAC product meets the desired specifications and is suitable for its intended use in water treatment, paper manufacturing, or other industrial applications.
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