How to prepare polyaluminum chloride - PAC？
Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is commonly prepared through a reaction between aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide (alumina) and hydrochloric acid. The process typically involves the following steps:
1. Materials Preparation:
- Aluminum source: This could be aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
- Acid source: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used to achieve chlorination.
2. Reaction Process:
- Slowly add hydrochloric acid to a stirred suspension of aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide in a reactor.
- The molar ratio of Al to HCl determines the degree of polymerization and the final product's properties.
- The reaction takes place at controlled temperatures, often under moderate conditions:
```
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl → AlCl3·3H2O
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
```
3. Chlorination & Polymerization:
- Further reaction leads to the formation of PAC through a series of complex reactions including hydrolysis and polymerization.
- Adjusting pH, temperature, and reaction time can control the molecular weight and structure of the resulting PAC.
4. Neutralization and Aging:
- After reaching the desired degree of polymerization, the product may undergo neutralization by adding a base to adjust the pH and to stop further reaction.
- It then goes through an aging process which allows for the formation of larger, more stable PAC molecules.
5. Filtration and Drying:
- The resulting PAC solution is filtered to remove any unreacted solids or precipitates.
- The filtrate can then be concentrated and dried to produce the final PAC powder or liquid product.
The specific parameters of this process can vary depending on the desired application and properties of the PAC being produced. Different methods can lead to different types of PAC products with varying degrees of basicity and polymerization, suitable for use in various water treatment processes or other industrial applications.
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