Investigating the Effects of Polyaluminum Chloride

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is a coagulation agent that has recently begun to be used in water-treatment processes. It is more effective than the existing aluminum sulfate system, and its use is expanding. Polyaluminum chloride is used in the water-treatment industry to coagulate organic and mineral colloids prior to sedimentation and/or filtration. The aluminum destabilizes fine colloidal suspensions and promotes the agglomeration of this material bound in a chemical precipitate (called floc), which can be removed from the water by sedimentation, flotation, and/or filtration. In general, PACl is preferred over aluminum sulfate if larger, faster-forming floc is desired, because it may remove the need for a flocculant to facilitate sedimentation.

PAC is applicable over a wide pH range. It changes into various Al-hydroxide group depending on pH. PAC is hydrolyzed in water to form Al13-type polymers, which are typically referred to as stable forms of Keggin-A13. Keggin-Al13 adsorbs and aggregates the particles to form flocs. PACl contains chloride in combination with various types of polymeric Al-groups. Therefore, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mixed with PAC is expected to be changed by aluminum and chloride. In the early stages of hydration, the effect of aluminum on the OPC particle surface and the reaction of hydration reactants with chloride will affect the mechanical and microstructural properties.

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