The coagulants:

There are two main families of coagulants :

● Mineral coagulants which are simple metal salts (FeCl₃, Al₂(SO₄)₂, …) and polymerized metal salts (PAC, PASS,…).

● Organic coagulants which include polyamines, polyDADMAC, dicyandiamide resins andmelamine formaldehyde resins.

1. Characteristics :

The two key characteristics of organic coagulants are :

● A very high cationic charge density to neutralize the negative charges present on the surface of the colloidal material.

● A relatively low molecular weight to allow good diffusion of the cationic charges around each particle and, due to their low viscosity, good distribution of the coagulant in the effluent.

Organic coagulants are usually in liquid form with the exception of polyDADMAC which can also be produced in a solid form (polyDADMAC flakes, beads). 

The viscosity of the liquid form is quite low (< 2 000 centipoises) but can reach 20 000 centipoises with concentrated polyDADMAC.

Concentrations in active material are between 8 and 70% (except for the polyDADMAC beads which are 100% active) with common concentrations between 40 and 50%.

The lowest molecular weights are obtained with the dicyandiamide resins (between 3 000 and 150 000) and the highest with the polyDADMAC beads (up to 2 500 000).

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