Experiences at ETPs have also confirmed the suitability of PACI, with very effective flocculation observed at the low water temperatures noted during plant (5-10°C)

Estimated chemical costs using alum amount to $38.1/ML, compared to $41.3/ML with PACI For an annual treated water production of 1200 ML, this translates to a saving $3900 per annum in favour of alum. The operational advantages of using PACl, particularly in cold months, make it an attractive coagulant for treatment plants.

The THM level in the treated water is generally 40-50 ug/L when treating raw water with a true colour of 90-100 Pt/Co units. This is well below the current AWDG recommendation of 250 μg/L.In this instance DOC removal appears to be satisfactory.

Keywords: Water Treatment, PAC, Poly aluminum Chloride, poly aluminium chloride, Polyaluminum Chloride, PACL, Coagulant, Flocculant, Yellow PAC, Yellow polyaluminum chloride, White PAC, White polyaluminum chloride

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