PAC stands for Poly Aluminum Chloride, which is a type of inorganic polymer coagulant widely used in water treatment processes. It is a versatile and effective chemical compound that helps remove impurities from water by promoting the aggregation of suspended solids and colloidal particles, making them easier to separate through sedimentation or filtration.

In its chemical form, PAC is typically an aluminum-based salt that has undergone hydrolysis and polymerization, resulting in a high molecular weight, polymeric material with a varying degree of positive charge. The composition of PAC can be represented as [Al₂(OH)₆Cl]n where 'n' indicates the degree of polymerization.

PAC's properties make it particularly useful for treating both drinking water and wastewater due to its:

1. High efficiency in removing turbidity, color, organic matter, and microorganisms.

2. Good adaptability across a wide range of pH levels and water quality conditions.

3. Enhanced flocculation capabilities compared to traditional aluminum or iron salts.

4. Lower dosage requirements, which can reduce costs and sludge production.

It is often preferred over other coagulants because it produces less sludge and can be more stable under certain conditions. The effectiveness of PAC depends on factors such as its preparation method, Al content, pH, and the specific contaminants present in the water being treated.

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